Denim Garments Hand Scraping and Sand Blasting During Washing

Denim Hand Scrapping:
Sand ballasting with paper, commonly known as scrapping is the most widely used process for creating the blasting effect. It is usually done by mounting the garment on rubber balloons. After mounting the garment air balloon is filled with air to expose the area to operate. It is important to fill the pressure.

Hand sand is the step which is generally being done in rigid form of garments to get the distressed look. Locations can be front thigh & back seat or its can be overall / global application as per the Standard. Emery paper is being used to scrape the garments in particular placement & design. Emery paper comes in different number generally start from 40 till 600 and above , higher the number finer the emery paper, lower the coarseness of the paper. In the garment industry from 220 , 320 & 400 number papers are most popular & widely used.



Sand Blasting:
Sand blasting is the process of scrubbing off the garment by blowing high speed air mixed with very fine particles of sand. This is a very successful and most widely used process for fashion articles. When the surface area of the garment is blasted, white cotton appears beneath the blasted area and the effect is appeared very similar to the worn out jeans.

 Area of Application:

Specified areas for sand blasting are front thigh, back seat, back panel near bottom or front panel around knee. Sometime full body blasting is also done for giving a unique look to fabric. Hot spots may be designed for more real look on front knees or back seat by intense blasting in these areas.

Denim Garments Hand Scraping and Sand Blasting During Washing

Posted by Firoz Kabir 2 comments

Denim Hand Scrapping:
Sand ballasting with paper, commonly known as scrapping is the most widely used process for creating the blasting effect. It is usually done by mounting the garment on rubber balloons. After mounting the garment air balloon is filled with air to expose the area to operate. It is important to fill the pressure.

Hand sand is the step which is generally being done in rigid form of garments to get the distressed look. Locations can be front thigh & back seat or its can be overall / global application as per the Standard. Emery paper is being used to scrape the garments in particular placement & design. Emery paper comes in different number generally start from 40 till 600 and above , higher the number finer the emery paper, lower the coarseness of the paper. In the garment industry from 220 , 320 & 400 number papers are most popular & widely used.



Sand Blasting:
Sand blasting is the process of scrubbing off the garment by blowing high speed air mixed with very fine particles of sand. This is a very successful and most widely used process for fashion articles. When the surface area of the garment is blasted, white cotton appears beneath the blasted area and the effect is appeared very similar to the worn out jeans.

 Area of Application:

Specified areas for sand blasting are front thigh, back seat, back panel near bottom or front panel around knee. Sometime full body blasting is also done for giving a unique look to fabric. Hot spots may be designed for more real look on front knees or back seat by intense blasting in these areas.

Denim Washing | Invention of Denim Wash | Name of Denim Wash Process

Denim Wash:
Denim washing is the aesthetic finish given to the denim fabric to enhance the appeal and to provide strength. Dry denim, as opposed to washed denim, is a denim fabric that is not washed after being dyed during its production. Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that with time the fabric will fade in a manner similar to that which artificially distressed denim attempts to replicate. With dry denim, however, such fading is affected by the body of the person who wears the jeans and the activities of their daily life. This creates what many feel to be a more natural, unique look than pre-distressed denim.

Objective of denim washing:
To remove sizing materials and to soften the garment.
To modify the appearance to make fashion.
To create different effects and finishes.
To create vintage look and used effect. 
To ensure more worn out look and faded look by applying different dry processes.


Invention of denim washing:
Denim washing is a textile manufacturing process used to give a newly manufactured cloth garment a worn-in (or worn-out) appearance. Stone-washing was the first washing technique which helps to increase the softness and flexibility of otherwise stiff and rigid fabrics such as canvas and denim.
A number of people and organizations have claimed to have invented stone-­‐washing.
1. According to Levi Strauss & Co., Donald Freeland, an employee of the Great Western Garment Company (later acquired by Levi's), invented "stone-­‐washing" denim in the 1950
2. Inventor Claude Blankie thasalso been credited with having invented the technique in the 1970s.
3. The jeans company Edwin claims to have invented the technique in the 1980s.
4. In 1982, Lee introduced “stone washed” jeans. This was followed by "acid-­‐ washed" denim, which produced an even more faded look.

[Ronald Reagan wearing stone wash denim
associated with Western clothing]

Types of washes involve in denim washing:
 

Dry process:

• Denim Hand Scrapping
• Whiskers
• 3d Whisker
• Crinkle
• 3d Wrinkle
• Chevron
• Grinding
• Tacking
• Nicking
• PP Spray
• Resin
• Destroy
• Tagging
• Tying
• Laser
• Patch
• Bobbling

Wet process:

• Stone wash
• Enzyme wash
• Bleach wash
• Pigment wash
• Tinting
• Acid wash

Denim Washing | Invention of Denim Wash | Name of Denim Wash Process

Posted by Firoz Kabir 1 comment

Denim Wash:
Denim washing is the aesthetic finish given to the denim fabric to enhance the appeal and to provide strength. Dry denim, as opposed to washed denim, is a denim fabric that is not washed after being dyed during its production. Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that with time the fabric will fade in a manner similar to that which artificially distressed denim attempts to replicate. With dry denim, however, such fading is affected by the body of the person who wears the jeans and the activities of their daily life. This creates what many feel to be a more natural, unique look than pre-distressed denim.

Objective of denim washing:
To remove sizing materials and to soften the garment.
To modify the appearance to make fashion.
To create different effects and finishes.
To create vintage look and used effect. 
To ensure more worn out look and faded look by applying different dry processes.


Invention of denim washing:
Denim washing is a textile manufacturing process used to give a newly manufactured cloth garment a worn-in (or worn-out) appearance. Stone-washing was the first washing technique which helps to increase the softness and flexibility of otherwise stiff and rigid fabrics such as canvas and denim.
A number of people and organizations have claimed to have invented stone-­‐washing.
1. According to Levi Strauss & Co., Donald Freeland, an employee of the Great Western Garment Company (later acquired by Levi's), invented "stone-­‐washing" denim in the 1950
2. Inventor Claude Blankie thasalso been credited with having invented the technique in the 1970s.
3. The jeans company Edwin claims to have invented the technique in the 1980s.
4. In 1982, Lee introduced “stone washed” jeans. This was followed by "acid-­‐ washed" denim, which produced an even more faded look.

[Ronald Reagan wearing stone wash denim
associated with Western clothing]

Types of washes involve in denim washing:
 

Dry process:

• Denim Hand Scrapping
• Whiskers
• 3d Whisker
• Crinkle
• 3d Wrinkle
• Chevron
• Grinding
• Tacking
• Nicking
• PP Spray
• Resin
• Destroy
• Tagging
• Tying
• Laser
• Patch
• Bobbling

Wet process:

• Stone wash
• Enzyme wash
• Bleach wash
• Pigment wash
• Tinting
• Acid wash

Denim Fabric | Invention of Denim Fabric

Denim is a strong, durable fabric constructed in a twill weave with indigo and white yarns. The blue/indigo yarns are the lengthwise or “warp” threads (parallel to the selvedge). The white yarns run across the fabric width (the weft threads). Denim is traditionally woven with 100%-cotton yarn; however, today it’s blended with polyester, to control shrinkage and wrinkles, and Lycra to add stretch. Today, denim has many faces. It can be printed, striped, brushed, napped and stone washed, and the indigo dyed.

The evolution of the blue jeans (made from denim) market led to the development of some unique and creative methods for the processing of denim garments. Originally, jeans were marketed and sold as worker wear with primary emphasis on their durability and practicality. But when jeans were discovered and appreciated by consumers as general casual wear, they became fashionable, and new techniques were developed to enhance denim garments and make them more unique. These techniques include garment washing, stone washing, and stone washing with chlorine, acid washing, sand blast washing, ice washing, and cellulose enzyme washing. Basically, all of these techniques involve the processing of garments in rotary drum machines.

To enhance the fashion and more vintage look the dry processes in denim were invented and get popularity by the consumers. For these dry processes, jeans become making with extreme worn look, super vintage look as well as extra faded fashionable wear.

 
Characteristics of Denim Fabric:

• It is for long wearing.
• It is hard wearing.
• It is very strong and durable.
• It resists snags and tears
• It creases easily.

Types of denim fabric:

• Natural denim
• Ring spun denim
• Polycore denim
• Ring-ring denim
• Ring denim
• Bull denim
• Dual ring spun
• Black-black denim
• open end denim
• Reverse denim
• Pinto wash denim

Invention of Denim:

The word “denim” comes from the name of a sturdy fabric called serge, originally made in Nîmes, France, by the Andre family. Denim was originally called serge de Nîmes, it was then soon shortened to Denim.

Denim was originally used by workers. They wore denim clothes because of it’s durability, it was extremely strong and perfect for their daily jobs, it didn’t wear out easily making it a good fabric for the long run.
In the 1800’s, American gold miners wanted clothes that were strong and did not tear easily. To meet this demand from the miners, a man called Leob Strauss started a wholesale business, supplying clothes to people who required it. Leob and a Nevada tailor joined forces to patent an idea the tailor had for putting rivets on stress points of workman’s waist high overalls, commonly known as jeans. Strauss later changed his name from the rather plain Leob to the extremely recognizable Levi, this is when the brand Levi Strauss was created and is still extremely successful today.

 

Denim Fabric | Invention of Denim Fabric

Posted by Firoz Kabir No comments

Denim is a strong, durable fabric constructed in a twill weave with indigo and white yarns. The blue/indigo yarns are the lengthwise or “warp” threads (parallel to the selvedge). The white yarns run across the fabric width (the weft threads). Denim is traditionally woven with 100%-cotton yarn; however, today it’s blended with polyester, to control shrinkage and wrinkles, and Lycra to add stretch. Today, denim has many faces. It can be printed, striped, brushed, napped and stone washed, and the indigo dyed.

The evolution of the blue jeans (made from denim) market led to the development of some unique and creative methods for the processing of denim garments. Originally, jeans were marketed and sold as worker wear with primary emphasis on their durability and practicality. But when jeans were discovered and appreciated by consumers as general casual wear, they became fashionable, and new techniques were developed to enhance denim garments and make them more unique. These techniques include garment washing, stone washing, and stone washing with chlorine, acid washing, sand blast washing, ice washing, and cellulose enzyme washing. Basically, all of these techniques involve the processing of garments in rotary drum machines.

To enhance the fashion and more vintage look the dry processes in denim were invented and get popularity by the consumers. For these dry processes, jeans become making with extreme worn look, super vintage look as well as extra faded fashionable wear.

 
Characteristics of Denim Fabric:

• It is for long wearing.
• It is hard wearing.
• It is very strong and durable.
• It resists snags and tears
• It creases easily.

Types of denim fabric:

• Natural denim
• Ring spun denim
• Polycore denim
• Ring-ring denim
• Ring denim
• Bull denim
• Dual ring spun
• Black-black denim
• open end denim
• Reverse denim
• Pinto wash denim

Invention of Denim:

The word “denim” comes from the name of a sturdy fabric called serge, originally made in Nîmes, France, by the Andre family. Denim was originally called serge de Nîmes, it was then soon shortened to Denim.

Denim was originally used by workers. They wore denim clothes because of it’s durability, it was extremely strong and perfect for their daily jobs, it didn’t wear out easily making it a good fabric for the long run.
In the 1800’s, American gold miners wanted clothes that were strong and did not tear easily. To meet this demand from the miners, a man called Leob Strauss started a wholesale business, supplying clothes to people who required it. Leob and a Nevada tailor joined forces to patent an idea the tailor had for putting rivets on stress points of workman’s waist high overalls, commonly known as jeans. Strauss later changed his name from the rather plain Leob to the extremely recognizable Levi, this is when the brand Levi Strauss was created and is still extremely successful today.

 

Laser Print and Laser Fading on Denim Garment Washing | Procedure of Laser treatment on Garments

Laser fading (Marking) is a popular dry process for denim now a day. It has been used extensively as the replacement of some conventional dry processes which are potentially harmful and disadvantageous in some manner. Apart from this, Laser systems are used in fashion design, pleating, cutting and modification of fabric surface to impart some special finish. Laser fading works with better precision butalso have some drawbacks.

A laser system generates monochromatic, coherent photons in a low-divergent beam.
As monochromatic, the light is of a single color. As coherent, all the emissions originate from a stable oscillator with a uniform constant frequency and have the same wavelength

Advantage of laser
•    Any design at any place
•    Faster process
•    High accuracy
•    Suitable for wide range of material
•    Comparatively less strength loss
•    Low hairiness
•    Environment friendly
•    Zero water waste
•    Requires no chemical
•    Less manpower required

Disadvantage of laser
•    Initial investment is very high
•    Skilled operator is needed, which might be a disadvantage in some particular circumstances
•    Producing natural effect might be difficult
•    The laser beam itself and the produced fumes are health hazardous
•    Maintenance and servicing of the laser system may be troublesome in some circumstances

Mechanism of laser fading

Transfer certain designs onto the surface of textile material by changing the dye molecules in the fabric and creating alterations in its color quality by directing the laser to the material at reduced intensity.
The surface mtl experience photodecomposition resulting the expose of white warp yarn
The laser action on the colored denim fibers is mainly carried out with the indigo color, by thermal effect.
A pair of high-speed computer-controlled mirrors moves the laser beam on the denim material
Various levels of color removal with little or no damage to the denim material are achieved by using different laser parameters.
Through this process micrographics can be applied on the garment; special logos or characters can be applied to denim products.
laser beams from CO2 laser (wavelength: 10600 nm) applied to denim fabric in various pulse times.

Laser M/C component:

• In order to determine the optimum process conditions of laser fading technology, a laser surface design machine was used.
• The specifications of the machine:
• A laser source operating along a galvanometer consisting of a mirror and a computer operating program that controls the galvanometer mirrors and the power of the laser beam.
• Nominal power of the machine: 250Watt.
• Wavelength of the laser beams: 196nm-235nm
• CO laser =10600 nm.
• Pulse times: 20-350 μs.

Laser Print and Laser Fading on Denim Garment Washing | Procedure of Laser treatment on Garments

Posted by Firoz Kabir 1 comment

Laser fading (Marking) is a popular dry process for denim now a day. It has been used extensively as the replacement of some conventional dry processes which are potentially harmful and disadvantageous in some manner. Apart from this, Laser systems are used in fashion design, pleating, cutting and modification of fabric surface to impart some special finish. Laser fading works with better precision butalso have some drawbacks.

A laser system generates monochromatic, coherent photons in a low-divergent beam.
As monochromatic, the light is of a single color. As coherent, all the emissions originate from a stable oscillator with a uniform constant frequency and have the same wavelength

Advantage of laser
•    Any design at any place
•    Faster process
•    High accuracy
•    Suitable for wide range of material
•    Comparatively less strength loss
•    Low hairiness
•    Environment friendly
•    Zero water waste
•    Requires no chemical
•    Less manpower required

Disadvantage of laser
•    Initial investment is very high
•    Skilled operator is needed, which might be a disadvantage in some particular circumstances
•    Producing natural effect might be difficult
•    The laser beam itself and the produced fumes are health hazardous
•    Maintenance and servicing of the laser system may be troublesome in some circumstances

Mechanism of laser fading

Transfer certain designs onto the surface of textile material by changing the dye molecules in the fabric and creating alterations in its color quality by directing the laser to the material at reduced intensity.
The surface mtl experience photodecomposition resulting the expose of white warp yarn
The laser action on the colored denim fibers is mainly carried out with the indigo color, by thermal effect.
A pair of high-speed computer-controlled mirrors moves the laser beam on the denim material
Various levels of color removal with little or no damage to the denim material are achieved by using different laser parameters.
Through this process micrographics can be applied on the garment; special logos or characters can be applied to denim products.
laser beams from CO2 laser (wavelength: 10600 nm) applied to denim fabric in various pulse times.

Laser M/C component:

• In order to determine the optimum process conditions of laser fading technology, a laser surface design machine was used.
• The specifications of the machine:
• A laser source operating along a galvanometer consisting of a mirror and a computer operating program that controls the galvanometer mirrors and the power of the laser beam.
• Nominal power of the machine: 250Watt.
• Wavelength of the laser beams: 196nm-235nm
• CO laser =10600 nm.
• Pulse times: 20-350 μs.